Sonnet 29

    When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,

    Regularly cited as one of the most relatable sonnets in the sequence — the movement from genuine despair to sudden joy is psychologically specific and true.

    envy
    despair
    love
    joy
    When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,
     
    I all alone beweep my outcast state
     
    And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries
     
    And look upon myself and curse my fate,
     
    Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
     
    Featured like him, like him with friends possess'd,
     
    Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,
     
    With what I most enjoy contented least;
     
    Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
     
    Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
     
    Like to the lark at break of day arising
     
    From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
     
    For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings
     
    That then I scorn to change my state with kings.

    What It Means

    Shakespeare is at his lowest. He's out of luck, friendless, and consumed by envy. He wishes he were more like other men — better-looking, with more friends, more talented, better connected. Everything about his life feels wrong. Then he thinks of the young man. The turn is sudden and complete. Just thinking about him is enough: Shakespeare feels like a lark at dawn, rising out of the misery into something like joy. No amount of earthly success could make him trade places with a king if he has this person. It's one of the most dramatic emotional reversals in the sequence.

    Context

    Part of the Fair Youth sequence, one of the most anthologized of all 154 sonnets. The word 'state' in the final couplet deliberately echoes 'state' in the first quatrain — what was a word for misery becomes a word for contentment.

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